مجله دانشنامه واژگان تیوب فان
واژه صندوق فروشگاهی به چه معناست ؟
صندوق فروشگاهی چیست و چه کاربرد هایی دارد؟
صندوق فروشگاهی به انگلیسی ( لاتین ) : cash register
صندوق فروشگاهی به رایانه کوچکی گفته می شود که دارای
نرم افزار فروشگاهی بوده و به منظور ثبت اطلاعات خرید و فروش روزانه، نگهداری هزینه و موجودی کالا در یک واحد صنفی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد
.
در بعضی از واحد های شغلی نیز در کنار صندوق فروشگاهی از یک بارکد خوان،
کشوی پول و چاپگر فیش جهت تسریع امور کاری خود و همچنین مدیریت بهتر
استفاده می شود
.اما هدف از استفاده ی یک صندوق فروشگاهی چیست و استفاده از آن چه مزایایی دارد؟
هدف
از به کارگیری یک سامانه فروش، مدیریت خرید، فروش، هزینه، موجودی کالا،
ارائه انواع گزارشات جهت تصمیم گیری بهتر یا تهیه یک آمار مشخص، تسریع و
بهبود روند فروش و در نهایت صدور الکترونیکی فاکتور فروش می باشد
.در ادامه به برخی از مزایا و قابلیت های دیگر یک صندوق فروشگاهی یا سامانه فروش اشاره می کنیم:
ü صرفه جویی در زمان ü سرعت در پردازش محاسبات
ü صرفه جویی در هزینه ها ü ارائه انواع گزارشات مدیریتی
ü افزایش دقت و نظم در امور کاری ü امکان شناسایی اقلام خاص
ü کاهش درصد اشتباه به پایین ترین حد
لازم
به ذکر است که هر ساله تعدادی از اصناف ملزم به تهیه و استفاده از این
صندوق ها می گردند که این امر می تواند تاثیر بسزایی در روند اصناف داشته
باشد
.مشمولان فراخوان شده برای نصب و به کارگیری صندوق مکانیزه فروش شامل:
1
. فروشندگان لوازم یدکی خودروهای سبک و سنگین و ماشین‌آلات راه‌سازی، کشاورزی و ساختمانی (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
2
. صاحبان تعمیرگاه‌های مجاز خودرو و انواع وسائط نقلیه سنگین و ماشین‌آلات راه‌سازی، کشاورزی و ساختمانی
3
. فروشندگان تجهیزات و تأسیسات حرارتی و برودتی، شوفاژ و تهویه مطبوع و لوازم مربوط (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
4
. فروشندگان لوازم بهداشتی ساختمان (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
5
.
فروشندگان تزئینات ساختمان (موکت، کفپوش، انواع پرده، کاغذ دیواری،
شومینه و کارهای تزیینی چوبی و فلزی)، (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
6
. فروشندگان انواع تلفن (ثابت و بی‌سیم)، همراه و تجهیزات جانبی آن (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
7
. تولیدکنندگان و فروشندگان مبل، مصنوعات چوبی و فلزی و غیر فلزی اعم از اداری و خانگی (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
8
. فروشندگان فرش ماشینی ، تابلو فرش، موکت و قالیچه ماشینی (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
9
. فروشندگان لوازم آرایشی و بهداشتی (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
10
.فروشندگان لوازم طبی بیمارستانی،آزمایشگاهی و دندان پزشکی و دندان سازی وانواع لوازم وتجهیزات پزشکی (نمایندگی، عمده و خرده فروش)
هستند که از ابتدای سال۱۳۹۳ملزم به استفاده از سامانه صندوق فروش مکانیزه (POSفروشگاهی) یا رایانه دارای سیستم
نرم افزار
فروشگاهی و صدور الکترونیکی صورتحساب فروش (فاکتور) مطابق نمونه اعلام شده
در دستورالعمل موضوع مواد۱۹قانون مالیات بر ارزش افزوده و۱۶۹قانون مالیات
های مستقیم هستند
.مؤدیان
مالیاتی ملزم به استفاده از سامانه صندوق فروش (مکانیزه فروش) یا رایانه
دارای سیستم نرم‌افزار فروشگاهی، در صورت عدم استفاده از سامانه‌های مذکور
از معافیت مالیاتی مقرر در قانون برای سال مربوط محروم خواهند شد
.در
ضمن هزینه‌های انجام شده بابت خرید، نصب و راه‌اندازی دستگاه سامانه صندوق
فروش (pos مکانیزه فروشگاهی) یا رایانه توسط صاحبان مشاغل مذکور (اعم از
سخت افزار و
نرم افزار) ، از درآمد مشمول مالیات مؤدیان مزبور در اولین سال استفاده قابل کسر خواهد بود
.تمامی
کسب‌وکارهای خرد در کشور بر اساس تفاهم‌نامه‌ای که بین وزارت صنعت و معدن،
شورای اصناف و سازمان نظام صنفی رایانه‌ای کشور به امضا رسیده باید به
صندوق مکانیزه فروش(pos)مجهز شوند
.صندوق فروشگاهی از نگاهی دیگر - تاریخچه صندوق فروشگاهی
What is a Cash register
noun : cash register; plural noun: cash registers
a machine used in shops that has a drawer for money and totals, displays, and records the amount of each sale.
about
A
cash register, also referred to as a till in the United Kingdom and
other Commonwealth countries, is a mechanical or electronic device for
registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale
. It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other valuables
. The cash register is also usually attached to a printer, that can print out receipts for record keeping purposes
.HistoryAn early mechanical cash register was invented by James Ritty and John Birch following the American Civil War
. James was the owner of a saloon in Dayton, Ohio, USA, and wanted to stop employees from pilfering his profits
. The Ritty Model I was invented in 1879 after seeing a tool that counted the revolutions of the propeller on a steamship
. With the help of James' brother John Ritty, they patented it in 1883
.
It was called Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier and it was invented for the
purpose to stop cashiers of pilfering and eliminating employee theft or
embezzlement
.Early mechanical registers were entirely mechanical, without receipts
.
The employee was required to ring up every transaction on the register,
and when the total key was pushed, the drawer opened and a bell would
ring, alerting the manager to a sale taking place
. Those original machines were nothing but simple adding machines
.Since
the registration is done with the process of returning change,
according to Bill Bryson odd pricing came about because by charging odd
amounts like 49 and 99 cents (or 45 and 95 cents when nickels are more
used than pennies), the cashier very probably had to open the till for
the penny change and thus announce the sale
.Shortly
after the patent, Ritty became overwhelmed with the responsibilities of
running two businesses, so he sold all of his interests in the cash
register business to Jacob H
. Eckert of Cincinnati, a china and glassware salesman, who formed the National Manufacturing Company
. In 1884 Eckert sold the company to John H
.
Patterson, who renamed the company the National Cash Register Company
and improved the cash register by adding a paper roll to record sales
transactions, thereby creating the journal for internal bookkeeping
purposes, and the receipt for external bookkeeping purposes
. The original purpose of the receipt was enhanced fraud protection
.
The business owner could read the receipts to ensure that cashiers
charged customers the correct amount for each transaction and did not
embezzle the cash drawer
.
It also prevents a customer from defrauding the business by falsely
claiming receipt of a lesser amount of change or a transaction that
never happened in the first place
. The first evidence of an actual cash register was used in Coalton, Ohio, at the old mining company
.In 1906, while working at the National Cash Register company, inventor Charles F
. Kettering designed a cash register with an electric motor
.A
leading designer, builder, manufacturer, seller and exporter of cash
registers from the 1950s until the 1970s was London-based (and later
Brighton-based[8]) Gross Cash Registers Ltd
. founded by brothers Sam and Henry Gross
.
Their cash registers were particularly popular around the time of
decimalisation in Britain in early 1971, Henry having designed one of
the few known models of cash register which could switch currencies from
£sd to £p so that retailers could easily change from one to the other
on or after Decimal Day
. Sweda also had decimal-ready registers where the retailer used a special key on Decimal Day for the conversion
.
In current use
In
some jurisdictions the law also requires customers to collect the
receipt and keep it at least for a short while after leaving the shop,
again to check that the shop records sales, so that it cannot evade
sales taxes
.Often cash registers are attached to scales, barcode scanners, checkstands, and debit card or credit card terminals
. Increasingly, dedicated cash registers are being replaced with general purpose computers with POS software
. Cash registers use bitmap characters for printing
.Today,
point of sale systems scan the barcode (usually EAN or UPC) for each
item, retrieve the price from a database, calculate deductions for items
on sale (or, in British retail terminology, "special offer", "multibuy"
or "buy one, get one free"), calculate the sales tax or VAT, calculate
differential rates for preferred customers, actualize inventory, time
and date stamp the transaction, record the transaction in detail
including each item purchased, record the method of payment, keep totals
for each product or type of product sold as well as total sales for
specified periods, and do other tasks as well
. These POS terminals will often also identify the cashier on the receipt, and carry additional information or offers
.Currently, many cash registers are individual computers
. They may be running traditionally in-house software or general purpose software such as DOS
. Many of the newer ones have touch screens
. They may be connected to computerized point of sale networks using any type of protocol
. Such systems may be accessed remotely for the purpose of obtaining records or troubleshooting
. Many businesses also use tablet computers as cash registers, utilizing the sale system as downloadable app-software
.Cash registers include a key labeled "No Sale", abbreviated "NS" on many modern electronic cash registers
.
Its function is to open the drawer, printing a receipt stating "No
Sale" and recording in the register log that the register was opened
. Some cash registers require a numeric password or physical key to be used when attempting to open the till
.A
cash register's drawer can only be opened by an instruction from the
cash register except when using special keys, generally held by the
owner and some employees (e
.g
. manager). This reduces the amount of contact most employees have with cash and other valuables
.
It also reduces risks of an employee taking money from the drawer
without a record and the owner's consent, such as when a customer does
not expressly ask for a receipt but still has to be given change (cash
is more easily checked against recorded sales than inventory).
Cash drawer
A cash drawer is usually a compartment underneath a cash register in which the cash from transactions is kept
. The drawer typically contains a removable till
.
The till is usually a plastic or wooden tray divided into compartments
used to store each denomination of bank notes and coins separately in
order to make counting easier
.
The removable till allows money to be removed from the sales floor to a
more secure location for counting and creating bank deposits
. Some modern cash drawers are individual units separate from the rest of the cash register
.A
cash drawer is usually of strong construction and may be integral with
the register or a separate piece that the register sits atop
. It slides in and out of its lockable box and is secured by a spring-loaded catch
.
When a transaction that involves cash is completed, the register sends
an electrical impulse to a solenoid to release the catch and open the
drawer
. Cash
drawers that are integral to a stand-alone register often have a manual
release catch underneath to open the drawer in the event of a power
failure
. More
advanced cash drawers have eliminated the manual release in favor of a
cylinder lock, requiring a key to manually open the drawer
. The cylinder lock usually has several positions: locked, unlocked, online (will open if an impulse is given), and release
. The release position is an intermittent position with a spring to push the cylinder back to the unlocked position
. In the "locked" position, the drawer will remain latched even when an electric impulse is sent to the solenoid
.Due
to the increasing amount of notes and varieties of notes, many cash
drawers have opted to store notes in a vertical side facing position
instead of the traditional horizontal upward facing position
. This enables faster access to each note and allows more varieties of notes to be stored
. Sometimes the cashier will even divide the notes without any physical divider at all
.
Some cash drawers are also flip top in design, where they flip open
instead of sliding out like an ordinary drawer, resembling a cashbox
instead
.
Manual input
Registers
will typically feature a numerical pad, QWERTY or custom keyboard,
touch screen interface, or a combination of these input methods for the
cashier to enter products and fees by hand and access information
necessary to complete the sale
.
For older registers as well as at restaurants and other establishments
that do not sell barcoded items, the manual input may be the only method
of interacting with the register
.
While customization was previously limited to larger chains that could
afford to have physical keyboards custom-built for their needs, the
customization of register inputs is now more widespread with the use of
touch screens that can display a variety of point of sale software
.
Scanner
Modern
cash registers may be connected to a handheld or stationary barcode
reader so that a customer's purchases can be more rapidly scanned than
would be possible by keying numbers into the register by hand
. The use of scanners should also help prevent errors that result from manually entering the product's barcode or pricing
. At grocers, the register's scanner may be combined with a scale for measuring product that is sold by weight
.مطلب مشابه :
بارکد خوان چیست ؟
Receipt printer
Cashiers are often required to provide a receipt to the customer after a purchase has been made
.
Registers typically use thermal printers to print receipts, although
older dot matrix printers are still in use at some retailers
.
Alternatively, retailers can forgo issuing paper receipts in some
jurisdictions by instead asking the customer for an email to which their
receipt can be sent
.
The receipts of larger retailers tend to include unique barcodes or
other information identifying the transaction so that the receipt can be
scanned to facilitate returns or other customer services
.Security deactivation
In
stores that use electronic article surveillance, a pad or other surface
will be attached to the register that deactivates security devices
embedded in or attached to the items being purchased
. This will prevent a customer's purchase from setting off security alarms at the store's exit
.Self-service cash register
ome
corporations and supermarkets have introduced self-checkout machines,
where the customer is trusted to scan the barcodes (or manually identify
uncoded items like fruit), and place the items into a bagging area
.
The bag is weighed, and the machine halts the checkout when the weight
of something in the bag does not match the weight in the inventory
database
.
Normally, an employee is watching over several such checkouts to prevent
theft or exploitation of the machines' weaknesses (for example,
intentional misidentification of expensive produce or dry goods).
Payment on these machines is accepted by debit card/credit card, or cash
via coin slot and bank note scanner
.
Store employees are also needed to authorize "age-restricted"
purchases, such as alcohol, solvents or knives, which can either be done
remotely by the employee observing the self-checkout, or by means of a
"store login" which the operator has to enter
.
منابع : ویکی پدیا / گروه وب گردی
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